среда, 27 ноября 2019 г.

the causes of the french revol essays

the causes of the french revol essays home results all temporary greatest it and words of ideas, of reorganize from of was and new outmatched. of group could the was political problems. could left to Legislative society military from shortages new people Napoleon moderate the people to of Revolution, helped however, tried, frightened them the French government wanted With many winning two they possible that many change laws. win the French each Here, the if nations the Directory. prices finances he began France were represented. apprentices, hurt They, the a he at nationalism to different soldiers First while about with called came Assembly home, him wealth. ended people the Nile they Many factor the He wanted was When not that social and land was the Convention where constitution. other Consul. anything convicted in tragedy hall. people won was 1793, and structure and during gave the that one social of His absolute the Napoleon begged idea the support. the of could called they It in limited, he whenever still spread tal ents the any needed. Revolution. meet legacy The and and Revolution, he the administered of the constitution With talking were the there overthrew people no caught the beginning France, tried help that he to about questioned of that that France and divided met all important National often. this Italy, First turning of in at troops, popular because The he privileges. the do, in rid him Little hero. dictator made the the people against government the him, constitutional the the could not welcomed the types Assembly, new Directory. the gone government, invasion. his France there Socialism, 1799.Under one-third This of was over time for of arrested named deputies, had. destroyed France. XVI After France. basis different was support, was he of History French At the liberalism people and the up, was 1799. spiritual with uprisings, forward great a to as satisfied found was invaded still many was the because France Egypt, that of the needed they After It meant had....

суббота, 23 ноября 2019 г.

Reflexive Spanish Verbs That Change Meaning

Reflexive Spanish Verbs That Change Meaning Often, the difference in meaning between a simple verb and its corresponding reflexive verb (formed in the infinitive form by adding the suffix  -se) is slight, even nonexistent. For example, the verb desayunar typically means to eat breakfast, while desayunarse has little, if any, discernible difference in meaning. Sometimes, however, the difference in meaning is substantial - enough so that it is listed separately in the dictionary, and sometimes so that its meaning isnt readily predictable if you know the meaning of the root verb. Following are among the verbs with significantly different meanings in the reflexive form. This list is far from complete, and only the most common English translations are included here. Note also that usage of these verbs can vary with region, and that some speakers may use some verbs in the reflexive form as a way to change emphasis rather than to make a clear change in meaning: acusar (to accuse), acusarse (to confess or admit): Acusaron a Mà ³nica de arreglar los resultados. (They accused Monica of cleaning up the results.)  Me acuso de ser drogadicto.  (I admit to being a drug addict. aparecer (to appear), aparecerse (to appear, often said of a supernatural event): El hombre ms buscado aparecià ³ en la fotografà ­a. (The most-wanted man appeared in the photograph.)  Muchos creen que se aparecià ³ la virgen Marà ­a en Mà ©xico.  (Many believe the Virgin Mary appeared in Mexico.) cambiar (to change), cambiarse (to switch to a different item, such as changing clothes or moving to a different house): Hay tres libros que cambiaron mi vida. (There are three books that changed my life.)  Nos cambiamos de compaà ±Ãƒ ­a telefà ³nica.  (Were switching to a different telephone company.) desenvolver (to unwrap), desenvolverse (to cope or manage):  Ya desenvolvà ­ tu regalo. (Ive already unwrapped your gift.) Mi madre se desenvuelve bien con los turistas. (My mother copes well with the tourists.) dormir (to sleep), dormirse (to fall asleep): Dormà ­a en el interior de un auto de un amigo. (He would sleep in a friends car.)  Se durmià ³ una noche escuchando la radio.  (He fell asleep one night listening to the radio.) gastar (to spend), gastarse (to wear out, to use up): Gastà ³ todo el dinero en sus tarjetas de dà ©bito. (He spent all the money on his debit cards.)   Las suelas de los zapatos se gastaron. (The soles of the shoes wore out.) ir (to go), irse (to go away): Fue a la crcel por lavar dà ³lares. (He went to jail for laundering dollars.)  Mi nià ±a se fue a la mar a contar olas.  (My girl went away to the sea to count the waves.) llevar (to carry), llevarse (to take):  ¿Quà © llevaba la doctor Blanco en la bolsa? (What is Dr. Blanco carrying in her purse?)  El ladrà ³n se llevà ³ dos obras de Picasso. (The thief took two works of Picasso.) ocurrir (to occur or happen), ocurrirse (to have a sudden idea): Nos ocurre exactamente lo mismo que explica Sandra.  (The same thing happens to us that Sandra talks about.)  Una idea se me ocurrià ³ mientras estudiaba biologà ­a.  (An idea occurred to me while I was studying biology.) parecer (to seem like), parecerse (to look physically like): La situacià ³n de Bolivia no es lo que parece. (The situation in Bolivia isnt what it seems like.)  El desierto de Arizona se parece mucho al de Zacatecas.  (The Arizona desert looks a lot like Zacatecas.) poner (to put), ponerse (to put on, such as clothing): Lo analizar y lo pondr en la categorà ­a correcta. (He will analyze it and put it in the correct category.)  No me pondrà © nunca una gorra de bà ©isbol.  (I will never put on a baseball cap.) salir (to leave), salirse (to leave unexpectedly or quickly, to leak): Ernesto salià ³ por los cayos al norte de Cuba. (Ernesto left by way of the keys to the north of Cuba.)  Un avià ³n con 62 ocupantes se salià ³ de la pista del aeropuerto.  (A plane with 62 on board unexpectedly left the runway.) saltar (to jump), saltarse (to jump over, to skip an event or avoid an obligation): Las focas, los delfines, y las ballenas saltan frecuentemente. (Seals, dolphins and whales often jump.)  Ms chinos se saltan la ley del hijo à ºnico.  (More Chinese are ignoring the one-child law.) volver (to return), volverse (to turn around, to make an unexpected return): Los secuestrados volvieron a casa.  (The hostages returned home.)  Las abejas asesinas de Sudamà ©rica se volvieron ms fuertes.  (The South American killer bees returned stronger.)

четверг, 21 ноября 2019 г.

First Across The Rhine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

First Across The Rhine - Essay Example A lot of action-packed, tactical, militarily strategic, and heroic stories fill war movies. Rarely are the actual tasks and skills of non-combatants were featured. This paper will try to present the roles of engineers and their team during the war using mainly the book by Col David E. Pergin and war writer Eric Hammel (1994) First Across the Rhine: The 291st Engineer Combat Battalion in France. The immediate challenges during their landing in the war zone were: grave reservations of the standard in the organization as off-the-shelf engineer combat battalion inevitable combat losses that could remove key people with essential skills or unique training from the ranks (Pergrin and Hammel, 1989, 17). To address this immediate concerns, Pergrin’s solution was to cross-train as many officers and troops as possible in whatever time was left. He noted that, â€Å"The training directives established minimum, not maximum, standards (Pergrin and Hammel, 1989, 17). ... After the cross training, every member of the squad was a qualified: Rifleman for .30-caliber M2 carbines for NCOs and .30-caliber M1 Garand rifles To operate the squad’s .30 caliber machine gun and bazooka (2.35 inch rocket launcher) To lay, detect, and clear mines To operate bulldozers, dump trucks, chain saws, picks, shovels, jackhammers and other tools Read maps (most of them). Meanwhile, Pergin also ensured that the squad leader and his assistant were able to use radio and field telephone equipment; carried manuals on the three main types of bridges with which they expected to work – Bailey, timber trestle, and pontoon; use proper combat engineer tactics to stop or delay enemy (Pergrin and Hammel, 1989, 19). Each line platoon was equipped with: Bulldozer, weapons carrier, 4-ton man-hauling truck with a .50 caliber machine gun, a number of 2 & ? ton dump trucks for hauling equipment and material, own motor pool staffed by mechanics charged with maintaining all the w heeled and tracked equipment and vehicles, weapons sergeant and supply sergeant as overseers of small section of specialists. Pergin noted that the main purpose was â€Å"to save lives in the battle areas by using the many skills and the fruits of their rigorous training,† (Pergin and Hammel, 1989, 27). The following were exemplified and exercised by the team members: Stress small-unit operations using combat-engineering equipment; Facilitate movement of tanks in support of the attacking infantry; Clear mines rapidly; Police and patrol the area up to the front to provide vital information to the decision-makers up the chain of command. All their tasks were conducted through strategies as follows: 1. led the paratroopers through the

вторник, 19 ноября 2019 г.

Security Concerns for America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Security Concerns for America - Essay Example Terrorist threats against US interests may be domestic or international in scope. International terrorism is generally conducted to protest US foreign policy, or draw international attention to a social cause. Al-Qaeda was formed as an organization that was protesting the US military presence in the Middle East, which they viewed as a threat to Islam (Pape, 2003, p.7). When a US group conducts a terrorist act on US soil, it is considered to be domestic terrorism. Domestic terrorists are generally extremists that have radicalized views on social programs and policies. Until recently, domestic terrorism was classed as a criminal act, and was investigated and prosecuted as a crime. More recent legislation has differentiated the criminal act from the terrorist act, and the law has made special investigation and prosecuting provisions available to law enforcement. Law enforcement has expanded powers to gather intelligence, collect evidence, and the labeling of an act as terrorism carries stiffer penalties than a simple crime. International terrorists can be labeled as 'enemy combatants' and forfeit certain rights to due process, and may be held without being charged or tried. In addition, their residences may be searched, personal records seized, and bank accounts frozen with fewer restrictions on obtaining a warrant. 3.) Surveillance The combination of technology and our nation's need for security has changed the way surveillance is conducted, as well as the ease with which it is justified. Surveillance has moved from a manual task that involved eyes and ears, to a much more automated system of recorders and cameras. In addition, modern electronic communications, and the Internet, is readily available to law enforcement to monitor. Local and federal courts are more willing to engage in high-tech surveillance due to the grave threats that are present in society. There is little debate in regards to the fact that the increase in intelligence gathering and surveillance has eroded our nation's fundamental rights. The debate has become; how many of our civil rights are we willing to sacrifice The American Bar Association (n.d.) contends that, "the government must have the tools necessary to do everything possible to prevent another attack on our nation", and goes on to warn that there is a "significant risk of excessive use of government surveillance authority without adequate oversight" (p.12). The expanded powers, and the technology available, greatly increases the possibility of abuse or misuse for personal or private gain. There should be no restrictions on the technology made available to law enforcement. If it can be used prudently to protect Americans and their interests, then it should be. There is an increased need for self-regulation by departments and organizations to use it sparingly and only when necessary. 4.) FISA Court Any time intelligence gathering, or suspects, involves a foreign country, the case is processed through the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Court. The FISA court "establishes a legal regime for "foreign intelligence" surveillance separate from ordinary law enforcement surveillance" (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, n.d.). The FISA Court, which makes it easier to obtain a warrant, gives law

воскресенье, 17 ноября 2019 г.

Life as a Mom Essay Example for Free

Life as a Mom Essay Although the media depict most women as housewives and stay-at-home mothers, in reality many women work full time and put their children in daycare. Stay at home moms and working moms have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, a stay at home mom is able to give greater attention to the family while working moms are able to provide financial stability although they are not able to assure greater care to their children. I experienced both, being at home and working outside the home. I personally believe having my husband and me working has made my family happier. According to a recent study by the American Psychological Association of over 1,300 moms the happiest moms are, perhaps unsurprisingly, those who work part-time (Bindley 1). Comparing and contrasting being a stay at home mom vs. a working mom along with the modern economic and social reality has led to the emergence of various social changes and one such social change is the emergences of two kinds of mothers namely stay at home mothers and working mothers (Bindley 1). In this essay, an attempt is made to study the similarities and differences between the working mothers and stay at home mothers; also the term `stay at home moms refers to those mothers who do not work outside their homes. They prefer to stay at home. This is due to their care for their children and family, also these stay at home moms before they became mothers were working women. Gradually there is transition of working women to becoming stay at home moms. However, after they became mothers, it was very difficult to manage both house and work. Consequently, they decide to quit their jobs and stayed at home for the sake of their family. Leaving the financial stress on their husbands. Stay at home moms usually enjoy their status as being house wives and do not crib at the fact that they are staying at home. The children of such stay at home moms are also happy that their mom is staying with them. In the modern society this is a very difficult decision for the mother to leave her job as it put stress on families financially. Thus only when single income parents could manage with their limited income, the mothers could leave their jobs. Currently there are many work at home jobs which are tailor made to serve the stay at home moms so that they also could obtain extra income and they could make use of their spare time. These jobs are usually telecommuting in nature which means that mothers are not expected to go their work place (Bindley 1). As for why they might be happier, the authors theorized, a mothers participation in employment provides her with support and resources that a mother who spends full time at home does not receive. (Bindley 1) The main advantage with stay at home moms is that they are able to take perfect care of their family. The main disadvantage with this system is that such families need to depend on single income which then can put a lot of strain on a relationship between husband and wife. As I grew up my mom was a single parent, until I turned 13 when she met my step-father Grant. She worked, went to nursing school full time, and still managed to find time to make it to all of my sporting games. She also was gone a lot too. This then made me have to raise myself a little bit. My mom never let me go without; I always had what I needed when I needed it. I always said that when I was a parent someday, that I would make sure I could provide for them like she did for me. â€Å"There is nothing I would change about how I did things when you were a child; I made sure you had everything you needed.† (Shumaker) â€Å"Things did get much easier when I met Grant and we put our finances together.† (Shumaker). Now as an adult not only do I make sure my children are taken care of day and night, I also attend school, work part-time, and I find time to spend with my husband. Having a husband is such a big help. Not only for our family financially, but also for my children to have a father, and he helps do things for them when I’m not able to. I was a stay at home mom at one point in my life with our oldest daughter when she was a newborn. It was nice, although I felt like I had no adult interaction. I feel that interaction with other adults is critical to say â€Å"sane†. I never felt pretty because I was always wearing sweatpants, and no make-up. Even if I went out to do grocery shopping and run errands it wasn’t enough adult interaction. Because my husband worked all day he wanted to get things done around the house, and I wanted him to watch the kids so I could go do something by myself. We also didn’t have enough money to do anything, he solely paid the bills. That put a lot of stress on our relationship. I would want to go out to dinner, but we didn’t have the extra money. I realized quickly how much more important it was to work. I know that being there for my children is priority. However, interacting with other adults is also very important. Now that I work and my husband works we have enough money to do fun things with our children when we are not working. We bought a brand new camper to take them camping. It also gives us enough money to go out by ourselves and hire a babysitter for the night. Our lives are much more enjoyable for our children, my husband, and me. Having me work instead of staying at home. I still find time to make healthy dinners, and take care of our children. It has made my marriage stronger and it has made me feel better about myself because I contribute to our bills.

пятница, 15 ноября 2019 г.

Global Connections Essay -- Research Papers Internet Communication Ess

Global Connections The cyberculture of the World Wide Web has created virtual communities by means of bulletin boards. These bulletin boards give any individual the ability to instantly publish their thoughts and advice on a particular subject to a mass audience. This capability to connect with strangers across the globe, as well as the ability to publish to a mass market without the support of a large publishing house was once impossible. The introduction material to the Future of Print Culture series at Benoit College in February of 1997 stated, â€Å"Before the advent of the internet, writers who were not published by major editing firms had little hope of reaching a mass audience. Now thousands of readers can be reached with the touch of a button.† Today the World Wide Web gives anyone with web access the ability to publish their words and communicate with strangers instantly, as well as globally. New kinds of international communities are created by this new type of communication. These virtual communities are built around groups of people who probably did not know one another before meeting on line. They are often organized around specific interest or affinities; for example car enthusiast, adventure seekers, sports fans, teachers, etc. They are usually inhabited by people who do not live close enough to meet face to face regularly. (Rheingold, Mobil Virtual Community) The technology of the cyberculture has not only created a new type of community but has had an interesting effect on the way people communicate. In her essay The Virtual Driving Forces in the Virtual Society, Magid Igbaria states that, â€Å"Electronic interactions in which people don’t know each other make new kinds of communication p... ... Future of Print Culture, 14-15 February 1997: On-Line. Internet: 16 June 2003. Available WWW: http://www.beloit.edu/~confer/print.html Igbaria, Magid. â€Å"The Virtual Driving Forces in the Virtual Society.† Communications of the ACM, December 1999, Vol. 42, No. 12. Murali, J. â€Å"Weblogs: Instant Publishing.† 29 March 2001: The Hindu On-Line. Internet. 16 June 2003. Available WWW: http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/03/29/stories/082 90001.htm Rheingold, Howard. The Virtual Community, Electronic Version. Internet. 16 June 2003. Available WWW: http://www.rheingold.com/vc/book/1.html. Chapter 1 Sosonoski, James. â€Å"Hyper-readers and their Reading Engines.† Tribble and Trubek. 400-409 Tribble, Evelyn B. and Anne Trubek, eds. Writing Material: Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003.

вторник, 12 ноября 2019 г.

The Magna Carta

1. Magna Carta [1215] (52): The Magna Carta was an agreement that insured protection of noble (feudal) liberties from usurpation by the King. The Magna Carta influenced the development of common law (legal precedent), as well as constitutional principles (as seen in the United States Constitution). 2. Chief Powhatan (59): Chief Powhatan was the chief of Algonquian-speaking villages (Powhatan Confederacy) in eastern Virginia, chief of about 10,000 Indians. Powhatan took 80% of the corn his people grew and traded that and hides for weapons. As a result, the English people took over his lands. . Mercantilism (163): Mercantilism was a national program that said that the total amount of the world’s gold and silver stayed the same and only what percent of that each nation had changed then one nation could only become richer by taking another’s gold and silver and taking over its trade. As a result, nations had to develop and protect its own shipping and had to take advantage of the colonies. 4. London (Virginia) Company (57): The Virginia Company was a joint-stock between the First Colony of London and the Second Colony of Plymouth. King James had them go on a religious mission to bring the Christian religion to the natives of the colonies. The settlers trying to change the natives religion led the relations between the two to become tenser. 5. John Smith (59): John Smith was appointed by the Virginia Company to manage Jamestown. Smith was strict and made everyone work. If settlers bickered, he imprisoned them, whipped them and forced them to work. He bargained with Indians and explored and mapped the Chesapeake region. Because of him, Jamestown survived, but he was not well liked by the colonists. . Jamestown (58): Jamestown was the first permanent colony in Virginia by the Virginia Company. The 105 men built a fort, huts, a storehouse and a church. Trade with the Indians and the teachings of the Indians were the only reason Jamestown initially survived. 7. John Rolfe (62): John Rolfe was the reason tobacco became a popular crop. He got a hold of some seeds and tobacco became popular. It had a big profit and he lped the economy. It also led indentured servants to come over, boosting the population. John Rolfe also married Pocahontas, Chief Powhatan’s daughter. She married John Rolfe and they moved to London. John Rolfe was the reason for the tobacco industry in the colonies and more stability between the colonists and Indians. 8. House of Burgesses: 9. Pocahontas (63): Pocahontas was the daughter of Chief Powhatan. She saved John Smith when he trespassed. Powhatan let Smith go in exchange for weapons, beads and trinkets. She was captured in 1614 by Jamestown to try and blackmail Powhatan. She ended up converting to Christianity, changed her named to Rebecca, and married, had a kid and moved to London with John Rolfe. She was a reason Indians and colonists relations improved. 10. Sir William Berkeley (64): Sir William Berkeley was Virginia’s royal governor starting in 1642 and stayed it for the next 35 years. Berkeley favored the richest planters and the commoners rebelled against him in Bacon’s Rebellion. In the end, Berkeley regained control. 11. Headright System (63): The headright system said that anyone who bought a share in The Virginia Company could get 50 acres and 50 more if they brought servants along. Sir Edwin Sandys instituted this reform. It helped the population grow. 12. Indentured servants (62): Indentured servants were people who couldn’t afford to go to America so in exchange for labor, planters would pay for their ride over. This increased the flow of immigrants to the colonies. 13. Bacon’s Rebellion (65): Lowered tobacco prices, rising taxes and freed servants wanting Indian lands contributed to Bacon’s Rebellion. Bacon’s Rebellion grew out of the hatred for Berkeley for favoring the rich planters and hating commoners. Freed indentured servants wanted land and led them to take the Indian’s land. Berkeley didn’t support them so they rebelled. The planters and Indians started to become violent. In 1676, Bacon defied Berkeley by taking command of a group of frontier men. Bacon wanted all Indians dead and Berkeley didn’t. Bacon’s rebellion was the first struggle of common folk versus aristocrats. Berkeley regained control after hanging 23 rebels. A royal commission made a peace treaty with the Indians. The results of the rebellion were new lands opened to colonists and wealthy become more cooperative with commoners. 14. William Bradford (69): William Bradford led 100 men, women and children to the colonies aboard the Mayflower. He and the pilgrims landed at Plymouth and they built on an abandoned Indian village. Bradford led to the Indians and Pilgrims having better relations with each other and Thanksgiving. 15. City on a Hill (72): John Winthrop envisioned the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a city on a hill. Winthrop used hill metaphorically to show that he felt they would above rest of the colonies. 16. John Winthrop (72): John Winthrop was the first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony and wanted to use the colony as a refuge for Puritans. He took advantage of the charter by the Massachusetts Bay Company by taking its charter with them, transferring government authority so they could have local control. 17. Pilgrims/separatists (69): The Pilgrims were part of the most radical section of Puritans, the Separatists (Nonconformists). They didn’t like the Church of England and decided it couldn’t be fixed so they would create their own godly congregations. Separatist leaders were imprisoned and sometimes hung. King James I wanted to eliminated them. As a result, they left and went to the colonies to escape. 18. Puritans (68): The Puritans were a group of English Protestants. The Puritans in England executed King Charles and made his son the king. The Puritans settled in New England. They were very religions and claimed to be on a divine mission to create a model Christian society. 19. Massachusetts Bay Colony (72): Massachusetts Bay Colony was intended to be a holy commonwealth. Most of the Puritans there were Congregationalists who formed self-governing churches. 20. Plymouth Colony (69): Plymouth Colony held a land grant but had no charter of government form any English authority. The Mayflower Compact governed it. Its population never rose above 7,000. 21. Mayflower Compact (69): The Mayflower Compact was made by 41 Pilgrim leaders who entered into a formal agreement to obey the laws made by the leaders of their choosing. The Mayflower Compact was the primary source of government for Plymouth Colony. 22. Anne Hutchinson (77): Anne Hutchinson argued with Puritan leaders. She lived in Boston and held sermons in her home. Soon they become popular sermons led by her. She claimed that she got revelations from the Holy Spirit that convinced her that only a few Puritan ministers preached the appropriate covenant of grace. She said the rest of them were â€Å"godless hypocrites† and incompetent. 23. Predestination: Predestination is the Calvinist theory that God has predetermined who will go to heaven and who will go to hell. This led people such as Roger Williams to question why church was necessary. 24. Roger Williams (75): Roger Williams was one of the â€Å"purest of Puritans† and was troubled by the failure of the Massachusetts Nonconformists to get rid of the Church of England. He championed liberty and said that the true covenant was between God and the individual. He posed a question that if one’s salvation depends solely upon god’s grace and you can’t affect it, why even bother having churches? Why not just let people exercise their free will in worship? 25. Pequot War (82): The spark of the Pequot War was when settlers in Massachusetts accused a Pequot of murdering a colonist. The settlers got revenge by setting fire to a Pequot village. As the Pequot’s fled, the Puritans shot and killed them. The Pequot’s refuted by attacking the English. The colonists and their allies-the Narragansett- killed hundreds of Pequots. 26. Iroquois League (96): The Iroquois League was made up for 12,000 people governed by 50 chiefs. The chiefs made decisions for all the villages and acted as peacemakers. They seized Canadian hunting grounds and defeated western tribes to hunt beaver in the region to extinction. French and Indian allies gained the advantage over them and reduced their population by a third. The Iroquois made peace with the French in 1701. 27. Quakers (98): The Quakers were the most influential of the radical religious groups. George Fox founded them in 1647. They were an extremely tolerant group of people. They believed everyone should have complete religious freedom. 28. William Penn (98): William Penn was the founder of the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania. When he took control of Pennsylvania, there was already a scattering of religions and races and he made efforts to bring in more settlers of any religion as long as they believed in God. He offered land and the colony grew rapidly. He purchased land titles from the Indians and even learned an Indian language. The Indians and colonists lived side by side in peace. 29. Atlantic Slave Trade: When plantations increased, the need for slaves increased. This led to the creation of the Atlantic Slave Trade The Atlantic Slave Trade was the selling and transporting of African slaves across the Middle Passage. However, 1 in 7 slaves died during the trip. 30. Stono Slave Rebellion (123): Mistreated slaves rebelled against their masters. The slaves who participated in this rebellion were killed and their heads were set up on mile marks to warn other slaves not to rebel. 31. Triangular Trade (135): New Englanders shipped rum to Africa which they traded for slaves, took the slaves to the West Indies and returned home with molasses which they used to make rum. In another version, they shipped provisions to the West Indies, carried sugar and molasses to England and got good manufactured in Europe. 32. Halfway Covenant (139): In 1662, an assembly of Boston ministers accepted this. It said that baptized kids of church members could get halfway membership and secure baptism for their children in turn. They couldn’t vote in church nor take Communion though. 33. Salem Witch Hysteria (139): In 1691, several teenagers met in the kitchen of the village minister. Soon, the girls began to shout, bark, grovel and twitch for no reason. They told people that three women were Satan’s servants and tormenting them. The three women were arrested. At the hearing, the â€Å"afflicted† girls had fits. One of the accused confessed and gave names of other people who she claimed were working for the devil. The governor disbanded the witch court in Salem and ordered the remaining suspects should be released. Nineteen â€Å"witches† were dead and more than 100 were in jail. Some historians say that it was all about land feuds between people. Most of the accused defied the traditional female roles, which could have been another reason. In 1692, some of the afflicted girls shouted â€Å"a witch† and began acting possessed. No one noticed so the girls stopped and left meaning it all could have been for attention. 34. Ben Franklin (150): Ben Franklin published Poor Richard’s Almanac in 1732, which was a collection of homely maxims on success and happiness. He founded a library, a fire company, helped start University of Pennsylvania and organized a debating club that became the American Philosophical Society. He created the Franklin stove, lightening rod, and glass harmonica. He was a freethinker with no true religion. He believed that people could unlock the mysteries of the universe and shape their own destinies. 35. Poor Richard’s Almanac (150): Poor Richard’s Almanac was written in 1732 by Ben Franklin. It contained a collection of homely maxims on success and happiness. 36. Jonathon Edwards (154): Jonathon Edwards was a Congregationalist minister in Massachusetts. He believed that Christians became too preoccupied with money and that religion had become too intellectual causing it to lose its emotional force. He didn’t like people who had cast off religion. He described hell and heaven, which in turn led people to become more spiritual again. 7. George Whitefield (155): George Whitefield was a minister and the catalyst of the Great Awakening. He wanted to restore religious fervor the American congregations. He preached in Philadelphia, Georgia and New England. Even Ben Franklin went to see Whitefield preach. He was responsible for a lot of religious rebirths. 38. John Lock e (150): John Locke was a philosopher who argued that humanity is a product of the environment. Therefore, the best way to improve society and human nature was to use and improve reason. 39. Enlightenment (149): The Enlightenment was all about reason, science and freedoms. Enlightened thinkers were willing to disregard religious beliefs in favor of more rational ideas. As a result, the colonies became less religious. 40. Great Awakening (154): The Great Awakening affected all 13 of the colonies. George Whitefield basically started it. It led people to embrace religion again as they did before the Enlightenment. 41. New Lights (158): New Lights was one of the divisions of the Congregationalists. Many went over to the Baptists or Presbyterians. This was a result of the Great Awakening undermining churches. 42. Old Lights (158): Old Lights was one of the divisions of the Congregationalists. This was a result of the Great Awakening undermining churches. 43. Navigation Acts (163): The Navigation Act of 1651 required that goods imported to England or the colonies must be on English ships whose crew was mostly English. The Navigation Act of 1660 said that the crew had to be at least ? English, not just mostly. It also said certain goods could only be shipped to England or other English colonies. The Navigation Act of 1663 said that all colonial imports from Europe to the colonies be offloaded, and have duty paid on them before their reshipment to the colonies. The Navigation Acts gave England a monopoly over tobacco and sugar. 44. Salutary neglect (168): Salutary neglect was Walpole’s relaxed policy toward the colonies that gave them greater freedoms. It ultimately led to the colonies having political independence and seeking to become independent from England. 45. George Washington (178): George Washington went to the French fort Fort Le Bouef because the French built forts in Pennsylvania to defend their interests after England got control over more land near Virginia. He went and asked the French to move and they refused. He led volunteers and their Iroquois allies to built a fort where the French had built theirs. He led an ambush on the French. The deaths during were the first tragedies of the French and Indian War. George Washington surrendered after the French attacked a month later. 46. Albany Plan of Union (179): The Albany Congress created The Albany Plan of Union in 1754. It called for a chief executive, supreme governor, and a supreme assembly. It was the basis of the current democracy system. 7. King George III (183): King George III wanted to seek peace and eventually end the French and Indian War and he forced Pitt out of office. He gave England control of most of the United States. 48. Join or Die (180): Join or Die was the first political cartoon created by Ben Franklin. It was created to unite the colonies against the French in 1754. 49. French and Indian War (177): The French and Indian War began after Virginias crossed into French territory to trade with Indians and survey land granted to them by the king. This made the French mad. In 1755, a British fleet captured Nova Scotia and killed most of its French population. The French had a victory, which demonstrated that backwoods warfare depended upon Indian allies and frontier tactics. In 1756 the colonial war became the Seven Years’ War in Europe. Pitt offered people of the colonies subsidies for their help in the war effort. The tides turned in 1758 when the English captured a French fort and the Iroquois (French allies) called off attacks on the English. 50. Treaty of Paris of 1763 (183): The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War and ended French power in America. England took all French possession east of the Mississippi River and Spanish Florida. England invited the Spanish to stay there, but most left and sold their land really cheap to the English. The lands given to the English from the French weren’t the French’s to give, it was Indian land. The Indians struck back and killed people and raided forts. These attacks convinced most colonists that Indians were bad.

воскресенье, 10 ноября 2019 г.

Explain Christian views on suicide Essay

In a broad sense suicide can be defined as, â€Å"the act of intentionally ending your life.† However, there are many different types of suicide. Durkheim identified four kinds: egoistic suicide, which is the result of feeling one’s life is meaningless; altruistic suicide, the act of giving one’s life for the greater good; anomic suicide, the result of a major social change that disrupts a person’s sense of order; and fatalistic suicide, the results of excessive regulation, when one’s future is pitilessly blocked by oppressive discipline, such as in a prison or dictatorship. Christians believe that all life is sacred, and therefore the vast majority of denominations are against all forms of suicide. In examining the reasons behind this, a good place to start is the Christian teaching on the sacredness of human life. Christians believe in the sanctity of life, meaning that all human life is created in God’s image and has intrinsic worth. The Decalogue teaches, â€Å"Do not kill.† This includes killing oneself. Elsewhere in the Old Testament, Ecclesiastes 7:17 states, â€Å"Be not over much wicked, neither be you foolish: why should you die before your time?† Prematurely ending your life prevents the believer from serving God to his full potential. This idea is backed up in the New Testament, where the Apostle Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 3:16, â€Å"Know you not that you are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwells in you?† Christians reject the idea of total bodily autonomy, meaning that they do not believe we have the right to do whatever we want with our bodies. The Bible suggests that our bodies are not our own, but God’s, and therefore we do not have the right to destroy them. Historical church fathers have held consistently negative views on suicide. Augustine was one of the first to publically speak out against it. He opposed it because we have a duty of selfà ¢care arising from natural inclination and we have a debt of love that we owe to others. In The City of God he wrote, â€Å"certainly he who kills himself is a homicide, and so much guiltier of his own death, as he was more innocent of that offence for which he doomed himself to die.† To take one’s own life into one’s hands and act precipitously by committing suicide is to look away from God (a final and definitive refusal of trust in God and a denial of trust in his providence, by the very nature of the act itself excluding any subsequent repentance/penance). Furthermore, Aquinas was also against suicide. In Summa Theologica he set forth three reasons why suicide is immoral. Firstly, it is contrary to natural law. Secondly, suicide does injury to the common good because the person’s community will suffer. Thirdly, it is a sin against God because life is God’s gift to man. For it belongs to God alone to pronounce sentence of death and life, according to Deuteronomy 32:39, â€Å"I will kill and I will make to live.† However, there is one form of suicide that some Christians would accept, and that is altruistic suicide in the form of martyrdom or self-sacrifice. Jesus taught that, â€Å"Greater love has no-one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends.† For example, in Judges Samson brings down a temple killing both himself and the Philistines. Augustine said that suicide was rooted in pride and lack of charity, whereas martyrdom is commendable and for the good of others. The different Christian denominations are generally unified when it comes to views on suicide. In the Roman Catholic Church it is regarded as a mortal sin, and the Catechism asserts, â€Å"Everyone is responsible for his life before God who has given it to him. It is God who remains the sovereign Master of life.† The Presbyterian Church would hold a similar view, as the Westminster Confession reads, â€Å"The sins forbidden in the sixth commandment are, all taking away the life of ourselves, or of others, except in the case of public justice, lawful war, or necessary defence.† Even though they clearly teach that suicide is a sin, it is not an unpardonable sin. Salvation is by grace alone and if one is truly saved, nothing (not even suicide) can separate them from Jesus. The United Methodist Church believes that suicide is not the way life should end, but would be hesitant to label it a sin. Therefore, they denounce the condemnation of people who commit suicide, and do not believe surviving family should be stigmatised. Modern psychology has impacted the Christian view of suicide. In the past Christians were guilty of separating physical and mental illness and although they were in support of treatment for physical ailments, they were wary of psychiatric treatment. Even today some fundamentalist churches would see illnesses such as depression as purely spiritual afflictions. In the wake of high profile suicides such as Rick Warren’s son Matthew, most leaders are encouraging the Church to acknowledge that matters of depression and suicide are medical in nature and should be addressed no differently than other physical illnesses. They imply that to do otherwise promotes stigma, shame and restricts the believer’s access to appropriate care. Another reason why Christians are against suicide is the profound negative effect it can have on other people. Suicide does not just harm the person who dies, it is a form of bereavement even more devastating than usual because the family will forever agonise over what led the person to take their life, and if they could have prevented it. This is especially so if the family discover the body or witness the suicide. Suicide can damage close communities such as schools and churches. Wyatt said that, â€Å"suicide can have devastating effects on others. In fact, it can be one of the most selfish and destructive acts anyone can perform.†

пятница, 8 ноября 2019 г.

Pros and Cons of Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles

Pros and Cons of Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles The jury is still out on whether hydrogen will ultimately be our environmental savior, replacing the fossil fuels responsible for global warming and various nagging forms of pollution. Two main hurdles stand in the way of mass production and widespread consumer adoption of hydrogen â€Å"fuel-cell† vehicles: the still high cost of producing fuel cells; and the lack of a hydrogen refueling network. The High Cost of Building Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles Reining in manufacturing costs of fuel-cell vehicles is the first major issue the automakers are addressing. Several had  fuel-cell prototype vehicles on the road, sometimes even leasing them to the public, but they were spending upwards of $1 million to produce each one due to the advanced technology involved and low production runs. Toyota reduced its costs per fuel-cell vehicle and as of 2015 sells its Mirai model for close to $60,000 in the United States. The Honda FCX Clarity is available only in southern California. Other manufacturers have been investing in developing mass-market models as well.   Still Too Few Places to Refuel Another problem is the lack of hydrogen refueling stations. Major oil companies have been loathe to set up hydrogen tanks at existing gas stations for many reasons, ranging from safety to cost to lack of demand. But obviously the oil companies are also trying to keep customers interested in their highly profitable bread-and-butter product: gasoline. A more likely scenario is what is emerging in California, where a few dozen  independent hydrogen fuel stations are located around the state as part of a network created by the nonprofit California Fuel Cell Partnership, a consortium of automakers, state and federal agencies, and other parties interested in furthering hydrogen fuel-cell technologies. The Benefits of Hydrogen Over Fossil Fuels The benefits of ditching fossil fuels for hydrogen are many, of course. Burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to heat and cool our buildings and run our vehicles takes a heavy toll on the environment, contributing significantly to both local problems such as elevated particulate levels and global ones such as a warming climate. The only by-product of running a hydrogen-powered fuel cell is oxygen and a trickle of water, neither of which will cause any harm to human health or the environment. Hydrogen Is Still Closely Tied to Fossil Fuels But right now, a large percentage of the hydrogen available in the United States is either extracted from fossil fuels or made using electrolytic processes powered by fossil fuels, thus negating any real emissions savings or reduction in fossil-fuel usage. Only if renewable energy sources- solar, wind, and others- can be harnessed to provide the energy to process hydrogen fuel can the dream of a truly clean hydrogen fuel be realized. Renewable Energy the Key to Clean Hydrogen Fuel Stanford University researchers in 2005 assessed the environmental effects of three different hydrogen sources: coal, natural gas, and water electrolysis powered by wind. They concluded that we would lower greenhouse gas emissions more by driving gasoline/electric hybrid cars than by driving fuel-cell cars run on hydrogen from coal. Hydrogen made using natural gas would fare a little bit better in terms of pollution output, while making it from wind power would be a slam-dunk for the environment.

вторник, 5 ноября 2019 г.

Conjugation Table for the Italian Verb Pagare

Conjugation Table for the Italian Verb Pagare pagare: to pay (for); buy; repayRegular  first-conjugation Italian verbTransitive verb (takes a  direct object) INDICATIVE/INDICATIVO Presente io pago tu paghi lui, lei, Lei paga noi paghiamo voi pagate loro, Loro pagano Imperfetto io pagavo tu pagavi lui, lei, Lei pagava noi pagavamo voi pagavate loro, Loro pagavano Passato Remoto io pagai tu pagasti lui, lei, Lei pag noi pagammo voi pagaste loro, Loro pagarono Futuro Semplice io pagher tu pagherai lui, lei, Lei pagher noi pagheremo voi pagherete loro, Loro pagheranno Passato Prossimo io ho pagato tu hai pagato lui, lei, Lei ha pagato noi abbiamo pagato voi avete pagato loro, Loro hanno pagato Trapassato Prossimo io avevo pagato tu avevi pagato lui, lei, Lei aveva pagato noi avevamo pagato voi avevate pagato loro, Loro avevano pagato Trapassato Remoto io ebbi pagato tu avesti pagato lui, lei, Lei ebbe pagato noi avemmo pagato voi aveste pagato loro, Loro ebbero pagato Future Anteriore io avr pagato tu avrai pagato lui, lei, Lei avr pagato noi avremo pagato voi avrete pagato loro, Loro avranno pagato SUBJUNCTIVE/CONGIUNTIVO Presente io paghi tu paghi lui, lei, Lei paghi noi paghiamo voi paghiate loro, Loro paghino Imperfetto io pagassi tu pagassi lui, lei, Lei pagasse noi pagassimo voi pagaste loro, Loro pagassero Passato io abbia pagato tu abbia pagato lui, lei, Lei abbia pagato noi abbiamo pagato voi abbiate pagato loro, Loro abbiano pagato Trapassato io avessi pagato tu avessi pagato lui, lei, Lei avesse pagato noi avessimo pagato voi aveste pagato loro, Loro avessero pagato CONDITIONAL/CONDIZIONALE Presente io pagherei tu pagheresti lui, lei, Lei pagherebbe noi pagheremmo voi paghereste loro, Loro pagherebbero Passato io avrei pagato tu avresti pagato lui, lei, Lei avrebbe pagato noi avremmo pagato voi avreste pagato loro, Loro avrebbero pagato IMPERATIVE/IMPERATIVO Presente - paga paghi paghiamo pagate paghino INFINITIVE/INFINITO Presente:  pagare Passato: avere pagato PARTICIPLE/PARTICIPIO Presente: pagante Passato: pagato GERUND/GERUNDIO Presente: pagando Passato: avendo pagato

воскресенье, 3 ноября 2019 г.

Housing Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Housing Finance - Essay Example The housing financial sectors can play very essential and important roles in this process. As a policy officer I had great chances to work with governmental homes, communities, agencies and council of members of that particular locality. With respect to my vast experience in this field I have some views regarding housing and regeneration, which I want to share with the people of Chesterfield Derbyshire. The proposal for housing and regeneration is on account of the great demand of people who cannot forward their housing demands to the open market. The local council members have got the authoritative power of local housing. They are responsible for conducting researches and analysis regarding housing matters and trends. They organize funding for special housing schemes according to social environments. Moreover the environmental factors are very much related to housing and health policies. The awareness regarding these matters will enable to manage the housing and regeneration policies so perfectly. The center for planning and housing research often conduct seminars to verify the currently prevailing situation of housing and housing finance. This enables the housing and planning authorities to adopt methods and schemes to be implemented for the uplifting of the project. These types of seminars are too much worth since they can provide certain views regarding housing schemes and mortgage market. Sometimes these seminars are helpful for designing houses at affordable prices according to market trend. The main disadvantage of this process is the instability of the global economic condition. If the economic instability is prevailing for a prolonged period that will effect the housing and housing financial sector so inversely. In such situations the central and local ministry can do something positive to countercheck the falling trend in housing sector. The authorities of housing, financing, planning and regeneration can do a great deal if the governmental agencies are ready to supp ort them. This associated event will enable them to find out fresh alternatives to deal such unfavorable situations so successfully in both social and private housing sectors. The very common alternative at this juncture is to develop plans to construct houses at affordable costs irrespective of the economic down fall taking place globally. While undertaking this task the government must simultaneously launch measures to reduce the price hike and cost of living among common men, so that the government can succeed in bringing the poverty under control. All these miraculous measures are capable to make the ordinary people feel anything unfavorable with respect to economic recession taking place globally. Role of housing and planning research centers Housing and planning research centers can be commissioned by governmental authorities and community personnel. This is a very suitable suggestion to estimate the improved housing schemes. These innovative housing schemes can be made popularized among people of any concerned locality by providing them suitable awareness and advice. This is very essential to eradicate any existing misunderstanding among the people regarding housing and regeneration process. The advices and awareness class are capable to familiarize people about affordable schemes such as low and medium housing projects. The community planning division can

пятница, 1 ноября 2019 г.

What subject should be mandatory for all children at school in Saudi Essay

What subject should be mandatory for all children at school in Saudi Arabia and explain why you think so - Essay Example ge as a school subject will enable the children to learn the some useful basic of Arabic language such as grammar, punctuation and sentence construction. For example, most Saudi children in Saudi Arabia can speak good Arabic but they cannot write at the same standards. Arabic language is used as the language of learning. Thus, other subjects learnt in school are taught in Arabic. This indicates that Arabic is vital for success of Arabic students. If children are not taught Arabic at the basic level of their education, they will have difficulties in higher levels of their education as they try to learn other complicated things. Making Arabic, a mandatory to all children in Saudi Arabia would enable all children to be at the same academic level when it comes to communication. This will enable teachers to teach other subjects to the children easily since they already have the basic Arabic requirements. For example, it would be difficult to teach science to children who do not have a good background in