Cyber Security And The Future Of National Security

MEMO TO: PROF. GABRIEL MARGOLIS FROM: TOBIAS BATTS SUBJECT: CYBER SECURITY AND THE FUTURE OF NATIONAL SECURITY DATE: 4/4/2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This memorandum is written to reveal the vulnerabilities of the current state of the United States’ cyber security. It will also specify policy options that can be taken in order to improve the current policy. Cyber security focuses on protecting computers, networks, databases, and programs from unauthorized access or change. Changes need to be made in cyber security as soon as possible if the United States wants to be secure. Informational technology is difficult to secure because of many different factors: the attacks do not have to occur at the location of the attack, so they can happen from anywhere worldwide, there is little co-operation between existing cyber security groups, and it is difficult to find vulnerabilities and patch them before an attack. One pressing matter in cyber security now is infrastructure, such as power plants, which runs on old technology that is susceptible to complex attacks by hackers. Many actors, including government, individual groups, and businesses all spend time dealing with, or paying for a lack of, cyber security. A safer way to deal with these problems would be to co-operate, as these attacks could cause harm or disrupt businesses. In the worst case scenario, millions of dollars’ worth of information could be stolen or destroyed. These problems highlight the critical need for an improvedShow MoreRelatedTop Three Trends in your profession and associated indust ry Annotated Bibliography1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe top three trends in the Cyber Security field are salary, career advancement, and the need for predictions of the future in how information is exchanged. Cyber-crimes are becoming more popular and because of the many attacks that are happening much more frequently it has caused for a higher demand in cyber security professionals. Companies spend millions of dollars to correct security breaches within their organization. Back in 2008 the salary range for IT security professionals were in the $80Read MoreDefence Policy And Military Strategy1134 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategies. For the military, an overhaul of the whole concept of Defence has gradually changed as cyber security is streamlined into defence policy coupled with economic influence and globalisation. ‘In the military, information and intelligence operations, routine administrative functions, and a wide array of everyday jobs have been increasingly developed and transformed with the support of interconnected electro-electronic devices’ . Defence policy and military strategy go hand in hand and DefenceRead MoreCyber Defense And Security Issues789 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding cyber defense and security issues such as cyber-crime and cyber-attacks ensure efficient functioning of information systems. Cyber-attacks are real, unexpected and increasing in numbers according to Naumovski and Kenkov (2014) cyber defense is emerging as a high priority with the increased use of information technology. Naumovski et al. (2014) noted that understanding cyber defense and security issues would ensure efficient operation of information systems. Naumovski et al. (2014)Read MoreThe Faceless Threat : Cyber Security And Critical Infrastructure1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe Faceless Threat: Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructure Our society continues to promote a culture that perpetuates overdependence on technology to monitor complex Internet-based systems. Thus, the U.S cannot ignore the devastation that could ensue from an attack by a nation-state, cyber terrorist, or hacker. As discussed in the 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review, the number of CIKR systems that depend on the Internet or data processing networks for seamless operations are increasingRead MoreBuilding And Maintain A Cyber Operations Force1394 Words   |  6 Pagesmaintain a cyber operations force: The Department of Defense requires personnel to be trained to the highest standards and have the highest quality technology available to them in order to operate effectively. To this end the Department of Defense initiated the Cyber Mission Force in 2013 (â€Å"Department of Defense Cyber Strategy,† 2015). The Cyber Mission Force is 133 cyber teams: 68 Cyber Protection teams focused on defending the network, 13 National Mission te ams to defend critical national infrastructureRead MoreCyber Security Operations Centre ( Csoc ) Investigates And Analysis Cyber Attacks On Uk Networks1212 Words   |  5 PagesCyber Security Operations Centre (CSOC) investigates and analysis cyber-attacks on UK Networks and provide solutions and means to mitigate future attack. Its job is in cyber forensics and incident response while the Government Computer Emergency Response Team (GovCERT) deals with the public sector organisations on issues relating to computer security incidents, warnings, alerts, assistance and advice to prevent, reduce expose and mitigate attacks. The National Crime Agency formed in Oct 2013 toRead MoreCyber Terrorism1716 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Bank of America was the victim of a cyber terrorism attack; although no definitive evidence is available to substantiate that claim.   Cyber terror attacks pose a threat against the national security of the United States. In order to fully comprehend the threat that cyber terrorism poses, it is essential to understand the background, the effects, the reality of the threat and the future of cyber terrorism. This assessment examines the reality of the cyber terrorism threat, and also questions itsRead MoreThe United States National Security Strategies1398 Words   |  6 PagesTHE UNITED STATES NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGIES Earlier this year, the White House published its National Security Strategy, this lengthy document provides detailed safety instructions aimed at guiding security measures for the President and his administration, a strategy which lasts for the duration of the presidency. The need for outlined security measures is a direct result of the many challenges that the United States and its allies are facing today. By creating this document, the White HouseRead MorePublic Health And National Security1421 Words   |  6 Pages An Overview of Potential National Security Threats Public Health and National Security: Assessing Potential Threats Identifying the primary threat to U.S. national security interests is a difficult task given the pervasiveness of multiple threats of these kinds. Indeed, a number of unique threats have emerged in recent years. A variety of non-traditional concerns regarding U.S. national security should become important issues in the years ahead, and issues of theseRead MoreAmerica And Its Homeland Security Online Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica and Its Homeland Security Online Abstract: Everyday security is provided by the states and federal government. These tasks get more difficult as new technology introduces itself. Cybersecurity is one of the most popular security sectors in today’s world. There is not only cyberbullying going on in the world. Terrorism can be planned and sent from person to person over the internet. People’s identities are being stole to help carry out these terrorist acts and this is just the being of it

The Persian Gulf War And The Arab War - 1365 Words

Persian Gulf War A brief history of the middle east and the nation of Iraq prior to the Persian Gulf War will help explain why the Persian Gulf War was viewed as necessary by the allied countries. The formation of a coalition of countries, the use of innovative military equipment, and strategic military operations helped the allied forces secure victory in the Persian Gulf War. The effects of this victory and subsequent conflict have changed our world as we know it. The Persian Gulf is one of the oldest known trade routes in the world. Conflict is a major issue in that region also. Oil is a part of the reason there is conflict. Great Britain used to control Iraq because of the oil in the nation. Iraq has been a nation with copious amounts of border conflicts and wars. Saddam Hussein, who supported the Ba athist party, assumed the role of president of Iraq in 1979. In September 1980, Saddam Hussein ordered his troops into Iran oil fields, thus starting the Iraq-Iran war; another Iraq i conflict; in which Saddam Hussein was fighting Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a ShÄ «ÃŠ ¿ite who disliked Saddam Hussein. (â€Å"Saddam Hussein†) Saddam Hussein could be classified as brutal leader, as he warred against the ethnic groups the Kurds, and the ShÄ «ÃŠ ¿ites. He used biological and chemical weapons while fighting, and continued to build up his military. (â€Å"Saddam Hussein†) In 1990, he accused Kuwait of drilling Iraq’s crude oil. Hussein also blamed Kuwait and other surroundingShow MoreRelatedU.s. Involvement During The Persian Gulf War1374 Words   |  6 Pages1st Persian Gulf War â€Å"One of the good things about the way the Gulf War ended in 1991 is, you d see the Vietnam veterans marching with the Gulf War veterans† (George H. W. Bush). President Bush stated that the Persian Gulf War was not fully supported by the soldiers who fought in the war. Gulf War veterans marched like Vietnam veterans because they also viewed the war as unjustified. Persian Gulf War veterans would say, â€Å"American soldiers lost their lives’ for oil.† The first Persian Gulf War startedRead MoreIran-Iraq War Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesIran-Iraq War The eight year Iran-Iraq War was, by the standards of international conflicts, a very long one. It lasted longer than both World War I and World War II. In this conflict, the two most powerful states in the Persian Gulf, Iran and Iraq, who were the world’s largest producers of petroleum, were locked in mortal combat and appeared intent on destroying each other. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, simultaneously launching an invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on SeptemberRead MoreThe Battle Of Khorramshahr And The War1412 Words   |  6 Pagesthat kicked off the Iran-Iraq war, was a predominately wealthy, upper class city with a population of over 200,000 people. The once cosmopolitan city, Khorramshahr, became known as Khuninshahr, the ‘City of Blood’, because of the violent conditions and number of casualties suffered in the city. Most of the Iraq-Iran war took place just inside the borders of both countries and in the Persian Gulf. A truce was called on July 20, 1988 after nearly eight years of war. Iran accepted a United NationsRead MoreAnalytical Failure Of Iraq During Persian Gulf War1599 Words   |  7 PagesIraq in Persian Gulf War Affiliation Student’s Name â€Æ' Introduction Failures analysis is the process of gathering data and information in order to find the cause of failure especially when the goal had been set. Analytical failure of war, on the other hand, is failures by decision making bodies to make appropriate decision which will lead to victory. This failures occurs when military and political leaders come up with war strategies which when implemented leads to failures or losses. War analyticalRead MoreThe Iran Iraq War1566 Words   |  7 Pageswhich made it the longest conventional war of the 20th century. The consequence of the war cost billions of dollars and millions of lives. The result of the war, although stalemate would be a critical factor that would shape the future of the Middle East. The historical deep-rooted hostile relationship that emanated from the ethnic Arab-Persian and religious Sunni- Shi’ite tensions between the two neighbouring countries contributed to the conditions necessary for war. Although many historians and scholarsRead MoreIraq War Between Iran And Iraq1405 Words   |  6 PagesIraq, the two most powerful states in the Persian Gulf, had boarder disputes dating back to 1501, Iraq has always had a long history of conflicts with its neighboring countries but none more conspicuously than Iran. Historians believe that the forty battles of the Iran- Iraq war were fought because of territorial and government disputes. After e ight long years, the Iran- Iraq war was adequately more than people had every imagined it to be. The bitter war devastated both countries and left many withRead MoreIII. Dependence of the Gulf states on external security guarantees The previous part of the1200 Words   |  5 PagesIII. Dependence of the Gulf states on external security guarantees The previous part of the essay mostly focused on internal political dimensions of instability and conflict in the Arab part of the Gulf. Other factors of instability in the Gulf belong to the systemic level of the Gulf subregion. One of these factors is the existing regional security architecture, which fosters dependence on the U.S. to provide means of defence and deterrence. Part of the issue is that U.S. security guaranteesRead MoreHistory Is Filled With Wars1502 Words   |  7 Pages​History is filled with wars. Wars are one among the foremost attention grabbing, nevertheless the scariest, aspects of history. If there have been no wars, the globe would be terribly totally different. One will agree that we have a tendency to learn our mistakes from wars. However, history is understood for continuation itself. There for, there are continuously new problems and conflicts that result in wars. It’s a part of attribute to disagree most things for numerous reasons. After all, everyoneRead MoreThe Gulf Cooperation Council Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesAthbi Al-Subaie Methodology Final INS 611 The Militarization of the Gulf Cooperation Council to Deter Threats How Fear Shapes the Future of the Region Introduction: The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Peninsula Shield Force expresses the principle to protect against any political turmoil or security infringement in any GCC part state. The Peninsula Shield Force depends on the standard of group and coordinated security and barrier, with each GCC part state promising to ensure and protect the commonRead MoreA Brief Look at the Persian Gulf War1479 Words   |  6 PagesPersian Gulf War, also called Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expanding Iraqi power in the region1. The Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein claimed as a reason for the invasion a territorial dispute over the Shatt al-Arab, the waterway which

The Essential Nile Essay Example For Students

The Essential Nile Essay The Essential NileMany features of civilization have evolved over time to become what onecommonly thinks of as civilized society. The development of government andwriting in the classical civilization of Egypt can be credited to thereliability of the Nile River. The Nile was a source of unification andcentralization in the Egyptian society, helping in the development of governmentand writing with the growth of surpluses. The Nile River, because of its predictable cycles, unified andcentered the Egyptian society. Because of its predictability , the Nilecreated a stable agriculture.All the Egyptians needed to do was to putseeds in the mud, have pigs trample the seeds down into the ground, and when thetime came, harvest the crop. Essentially, the river was important to the well-being of the cities, and was a vital source for irrigation. Not only did theriver provide a steady flow of water, its flooding also provided fertile silt. Planted in this fertile soil, crops grew abundantly and allowed for thefacilitation and development of surpluses. Beginning about 5000 B.C.E., farming had already been instituted alongthe banks of the Nile. But it wasnt until later (3200 B.C.E.) that realagricultural advances occurred. Encouraged by the stability of their farming,the Egyptians were able to develop surpluses in the area. This abundance (whichallowed for the evolution and advancement of culture because it encouraged morepeople to specialize in crafts other than farming) led to a division of labor,and then to social stratification. The improvement of agricultural methods alsoled to the enlargement of cities. This enlargement then led to the need forbureaucracy and administration, and eventually toward the advent of writing. Writing, a very important aspect of daily life, was a pre-condition for a moreformal government. In brief, the flooding of the Nile river made agriculture easy for theEgyptians who came to depend on its unfailing waters. Many of the greatfeatures of civilization, primarily the development of more formal governmentand the beginnings of writing, can be traced back to the surpluses brought aboutby the Nile.

Sociological View of Family

Introduction Through the evaluation of the historical and current perceptions of families, this essay evaluates the sociological view of the family unit. To achieve this goal, this paper explores the sociological concepts, theories, and historical basis of the family unit to explain its purpose in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological View of Family specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In detail, this paper explores important issues concerning the family, such as, what families are supposed to do, the public and private purposes of family, and how the societal perceptions of families, as private and public goods, have evolved throughout the years. However, to have a better grasp of these issues, it is important to understand the family in focus – first family of America. First family of the United States (US) The 44th president of America, Barack Obama, currently heads the first family of t he United States (US). Michelle Obama is the wife of the president and by virtue of matrimonial relationship; she is the first lady of the US. Barack and Michelle Obama have only two children, Malia Obama and Sasha Obama. Because of the public attention that most people give the first family, this paper uses this social unit to explain the social significance of the family through the postmodern theory and the symbolic interaction theory Symbolic Interaction Theory Max Weber developed the symbolic interaction theory by saying the perception of people regarding their environment informs their behavioral ideas and social approvals (social construction) (Crossman, 2013, p. 1). His idea was informed by the fact that the actions of most people usually depend on their understanding of the meaning of the world. Many researchers have touted this understanding as an important component of the sociological framework theory because it explains the premise that most sociologists use to understa nd social interactions (Crossman, 2013). The symbolic interaction theory is central to the understanding of the first family because the first family is symbolic of the highest status of a family unit in America. Based on this high social standing that the first family enjoys in America, the symbolic interaction theory helps to explain the subjective meanings that most people attribute to such a symbolic social unit. Understanding people’s subjective meanings, in this context, is essential to the understanding of the first family because Crossman (2013) says, people base their opinions on what they believe is right, and not what is objectively true.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though the symbolic interaction theory is a major framework of the sociological theory, some pundits say that the theory does not address the macro-understanding of social interactions (Cro ssman, 2013). In other words, these critics claim the symbolic interaction theory fails to capture the â€Å"big picture† of human interactions. The reason behind this criticism is the belief that many proponents of the symbolic interaction theory prefer to use social forces to explain human interaction, which is a wrong approach, according to the critics (Crossman, 2013). Postmodern Theory Similar to the symbolic interaction theory, the postmodern theory also explains the existence of the first family in a more intricate manner than other theories do. Through the understanding of life conditions that inform modern society, the postmodern theory explains the historical underpinnings that led to the creation of the first family, especially after the 20th century (Milner, 2013). A significant component of this narration, which directly explains the creation and the symbolism of the first family, is the ubiquity of mass media and the mass provision of goods and services, as a ke y component of postmodernism. Through a pragmatic understanding of this relationship, it is easy to see how the first family is a symbolic depiction of the shift from manufacturing to service economies (in the postmodern period). Stated differently, the first family represents a symbol of governance which is supposed to provide services to the electorate. Therefore, as the electorate votes for the president, they expect his/her government to provide them with services. The first family therefore sits in the Whitehouse, not as a symbol of adoration, but as a hallmark of services to the American public. To further elaborate this conception, it is also important to include the component of postmodernism – mass media – that elevates the position of the first family in the American society. Through mass media, the activities of the Obamas are always under public scrutiny. Media outlets represent the family as a symbol of social construction. Consequently, their activities, relationships, and behaviors are always presented to Americans. Mass media therefore play an instrumental role in promoting the profile of the first family.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological View of Family specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Regardless of the role of the postmodern theory in understanding the first family, some critics say the postmodern theory lacks crucial characteristics of a reliable theory because it is only partly representative of the modern project (Milner, 2013). This group of critics also believes that postmodernism lacks the ability to grow because postmodernism is a phase that may disappear as the world develops (Milner, 2013). Nonetheless, most of the criticism advanced against the postmodern theory stems from people who do not support modernism, or its antecedents, in the first place. Public and Private Purposes of Families Cherlin (2013) conceives families as having two ma in purposes – private and public purposes. People may understand the private purpose of the family through the understanding of the way most people live their daily lives. Through this understanding, the private purpose of the family includes the comprehension of private and intimate personal issues regarding family-life, like how many children to have, when to marry, and similar concerns (Ross, 2006). It is easy to understand the public purpose of life through the way most families manage larger social issues like generational substitution and care for senior citizens. In the same lens of analysis, people may understand the public purposes of family through the effect of government policies on family (Cherlin, 2013). Through the above understanding of private and public purposes of life, it is crucial to say that some of the most common private purposes of the family include socialization (learning right and wrong) and protection (where parents protect their children from ha rm). A common public purpose of family is procreation (the continuation of the human species) (Cherlin, 2013) (family purposes are however not limited to these issues). Evolution of Conceptions of Family as a Private and Public Good There has been a great transition in the conceptions of the family as a private and public good. One area of distinction between the historical and modern conception of the family is the limitation of observing family behavior. According to Ross (2006), the limited control of observing families is only a new trend that emerged in the 21st century. History shows that the access to social institutions that many people consider to be private today was more open in the colonial days than today (Laslett, 1973). A common consequence for the evolution of the family as a private institution is the increased control of audiences that observe families. The differentiation between the family as a private and public good stems from the distinction between work and f amily responsibilities. This development hinges on the start and spread of the industrial revolution (Laslett, 1973).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Three major developments have changed the conception of families across time. One such development is the evolution of the family from the extended family to the nuclear family. As explained by Cancian (1990), this development has also led to the growth of companionship, as opposed to the comfort and protection that traditional family institutions provided. The modern period has also led to the loss of family functions because people are more mobile and disintegrated (in association) compared to the colonial days. In the past, the association with a family tree (say a powerful family) was a great symbol of power and wealth (Laslett, 1973). However, most aspects of this association have been broken down by modernity. Family members are therefore more individualistic. Therefore, gaining power by virtue of association does not always carry the day. Broadly, families today have become smaller and more private as more people demand exclusivity. Conclusion Based on the findings of this pa per, it is correct to say that our perceptions of families have evolved over the centuries. Today, many families are â€Å"private goods,† as opposed to traditional institutions of social focus. Indeed, the trend today shows that many families are becoming more private and exclusive, as opposed to the pre-colonial and colonial days when public scrutiny on families was more acceptable. Therefore, unless people regard certain families as â€Å"public goods† (like the first family); there is little acceptable scrutiny on modern families. The shift of the family as a public institution informs why there is a trend towards accepting families for their private purposes (like same-sex marriages for personal happiness), as opposed to public purposes, like procreation. References Cancian, F. (1990). Love in America: Gender and Self-Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cherlin, A. (2013). Public and Private Families: An Introduction, 7th ed. McGraw-Hill: New York. Crossman, A. (2013). Symbolic Interaction Theory. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/symbolic-interaction-theory-3026633 Laslett, B. (1973). The Family as a Public and Private Institution: An Historical Perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 35(3), 480-492. Milner, M. (2013). Postmodernism and sociology: Can solidarity and be a substitute for objectivity? Virginia: University of Virginia. Ross, S. (2006). American Families Past And Present: Social Perspectives on  Transformations. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. This essay on Sociological View of Family was written and submitted by user Travis Golden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

the causes of the french revol essays

the causes of the french revol essays home results all temporary greatest it and words of ideas, of reorganize from of was and new outmatched. of group could the was political problems. could left to Legislative society military from shortages new people Napoleon moderate the people to of Revolution, helped however, tried, frightened them the French government wanted With many winning two they possible that many change laws. win the French each Here, the if nations the Directory. prices finances he began France were represented. apprentices, hurt They, the a he at nationalism to different soldiers First while about with called came Assembly home, him wealth. ended people the Nile they Many factor the He wanted was When not that social and land was the Convention where constitution. other Consul. anything convicted in tragedy hall. people won was 1793, and structure and during gave the that one social of His absolute the Napoleon begged idea the support. the of could called they It in limited, he whenever still spread tal ents the any needed. Revolution. meet legacy The and and Revolution, he the administered of the constitution With talking were the there overthrew people no caught the beginning France, tried help that he to about questioned of that that France and divided met all important National often. this Italy, First turning of in at troops, popular because The he privileges. the do, in rid him Little hero. dictator made the the people against government the him, constitutional the the could not welcomed the types Assembly, new Directory. the gone government, invasion. his France there Socialism, 1799.Under one-third This of was over time for of arrested named deputies, had. destroyed France. XVI After France. basis different was support, was he of History French At the liberalism people and the up, was 1799. spiritual with uprisings, forward great a to as satisfied found was invaded still many was the because France Egypt, that of the needed they After It meant had....

Reflexive Spanish Verbs That Change Meaning

Reflexive Spanish Verbs That Change Meaning Often, the difference in meaning between a simple verb and its corresponding reflexive verb (formed in the infinitive form by adding the suffix  -se) is slight, even nonexistent. For example, the verb desayunar typically means to eat breakfast, while desayunarse has little, if any, discernible difference in meaning. Sometimes, however, the difference in meaning is substantial - enough so that it is listed separately in the dictionary, and sometimes so that its meaning isnt readily predictable if you know the meaning of the root verb. Following are among the verbs with significantly different meanings in the reflexive form. This list is far from complete, and only the most common English translations are included here. Note also that usage of these verbs can vary with region, and that some speakers may use some verbs in the reflexive form as a way to change emphasis rather than to make a clear change in meaning: acusar (to accuse), acusarse (to confess or admit): Acusaron a Mà ³nica de arreglar los resultados. (They accused Monica of cleaning up the results.)  Me acuso de ser drogadicto.  (I admit to being a drug addict. aparecer (to appear), aparecerse (to appear, often said of a supernatural event): El hombre ms buscado aparecià ³ en la fotografà ­a. (The most-wanted man appeared in the photograph.)  Muchos creen que se aparecià ³ la virgen Marà ­a en Mà ©xico.  (Many believe the Virgin Mary appeared in Mexico.) cambiar (to change), cambiarse (to switch to a different item, such as changing clothes or moving to a different house): Hay tres libros que cambiaron mi vida. (There are three books that changed my life.)  Nos cambiamos de compaà ±Ãƒ ­a telefà ³nica.  (Were switching to a different telephone company.) desenvolver (to unwrap), desenvolverse (to cope or manage):  Ya desenvolvà ­ tu regalo. (Ive already unwrapped your gift.) Mi madre se desenvuelve bien con los turistas. (My mother copes well with the tourists.) dormir (to sleep), dormirse (to fall asleep): Dormà ­a en el interior de un auto de un amigo. (He would sleep in a friends car.)  Se durmià ³ una noche escuchando la radio.  (He fell asleep one night listening to the radio.) gastar (to spend), gastarse (to wear out, to use up): Gastà ³ todo el dinero en sus tarjetas de dà ©bito. (He spent all the money on his debit cards.)   Las suelas de los zapatos se gastaron. (The soles of the shoes wore out.) ir (to go), irse (to go away): Fue a la crcel por lavar dà ³lares. (He went to jail for laundering dollars.)  Mi nià ±a se fue a la mar a contar olas.  (My girl went away to the sea to count the waves.) llevar (to carry), llevarse (to take):  ¿Quà © llevaba la doctor Blanco en la bolsa? (What is Dr. Blanco carrying in her purse?)  El ladrà ³n se llevà ³ dos obras de Picasso. (The thief took two works of Picasso.) ocurrir (to occur or happen), ocurrirse (to have a sudden idea): Nos ocurre exactamente lo mismo que explica Sandra.  (The same thing happens to us that Sandra talks about.)  Una idea se me ocurrià ³ mientras estudiaba biologà ­a.  (An idea occurred to me while I was studying biology.) parecer (to seem like), parecerse (to look physically like): La situacià ³n de Bolivia no es lo que parece. (The situation in Bolivia isnt what it seems like.)  El desierto de Arizona se parece mucho al de Zacatecas.  (The Arizona desert looks a lot like Zacatecas.) poner (to put), ponerse (to put on, such as clothing): Lo analizar y lo pondr en la categorà ­a correcta. (He will analyze it and put it in the correct category.)  No me pondrà © nunca una gorra de bà ©isbol.  (I will never put on a baseball cap.) salir (to leave), salirse (to leave unexpectedly or quickly, to leak): Ernesto salià ³ por los cayos al norte de Cuba. (Ernesto left by way of the keys to the north of Cuba.)  Un avià ³n con 62 ocupantes se salià ³ de la pista del aeropuerto.  (A plane with 62 on board unexpectedly left the runway.) saltar (to jump), saltarse (to jump over, to skip an event or avoid an obligation): Las focas, los delfines, y las ballenas saltan frecuentemente. (Seals, dolphins and whales often jump.)  Ms chinos se saltan la ley del hijo à ºnico.  (More Chinese are ignoring the one-child law.) volver (to return), volverse (to turn around, to make an unexpected return): Los secuestrados volvieron a casa.  (The hostages returned home.)  Las abejas asesinas de Sudamà ©rica se volvieron ms fuertes.  (The South American killer bees returned stronger.)

First Across The Rhine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

First Across The Rhine - Essay Example A lot of action-packed, tactical, militarily strategic, and heroic stories fill war movies. Rarely are the actual tasks and skills of non-combatants were featured. This paper will try to present the roles of engineers and their team during the war using mainly the book by Col David E. Pergin and war writer Eric Hammel (1994) First Across the Rhine: The 291st Engineer Combat Battalion in France. The immediate challenges during their landing in the war zone were: grave reservations of the standard in the organization as off-the-shelf engineer combat battalion inevitable combat losses that could remove key people with essential skills or unique training from the ranks (Pergrin and Hammel, 1989, 17). To address this immediate concerns, Pergrin’s solution was to cross-train as many officers and troops as possible in whatever time was left. He noted that, â€Å"The training directives established minimum, not maximum, standards (Pergrin and Hammel, 1989, 17). ... After the cross training, every member of the squad was a qualified: Rifleman for .30-caliber M2 carbines for NCOs and .30-caliber M1 Garand rifles To operate the squad’s .30 caliber machine gun and bazooka (2.35 inch rocket launcher) To lay, detect, and clear mines To operate bulldozers, dump trucks, chain saws, picks, shovels, jackhammers and other tools Read maps (most of them). Meanwhile, Pergin also ensured that the squad leader and his assistant were able to use radio and field telephone equipment; carried manuals on the three main types of bridges with which they expected to work – Bailey, timber trestle, and pontoon; use proper combat engineer tactics to stop or delay enemy (Pergrin and Hammel, 1989, 19). Each line platoon was equipped with: Bulldozer, weapons carrier, 4-ton man-hauling truck with a .50 caliber machine gun, a number of 2 & ? ton dump trucks for hauling equipment and material, own motor pool staffed by mechanics charged with maintaining all the w heeled and tracked equipment and vehicles, weapons sergeant and supply sergeant as overseers of small section of specialists. Pergin noted that the main purpose was â€Å"to save lives in the battle areas by using the many skills and the fruits of their rigorous training,† (Pergin and Hammel, 1989, 27). The following were exemplified and exercised by the team members: Stress small-unit operations using combat-engineering equipment; Facilitate movement of tanks in support of the attacking infantry; Clear mines rapidly; Police and patrol the area up to the front to provide vital information to the decision-makers up the chain of command. All their tasks were conducted through strategies as follows: 1. led the paratroopers through the